The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" one
Voz activa lo que interesa es la persona responsable de la acción (agente objeto)
La acción del verbo se enfoca en el sujeto
Morse invented the telegraph
Voz pasiva lo que interesa es el paciente o resultado de la acción. Objeto agente.
La usamos cuando damos más importancia a la acción y no a quien la realiza.
The telegraph was invented by Morse
Se usa "by" para indicar el sujeto que recibe los efectos de la acción
Usamos "by", cuando el agente es evidente, es relevante
No se usa" by" cuando el agente no es importante, lo desconocemos o no lo sabemos con certeza
No podemos usar la voz pasiva con verbos intransitivos como "die", "arrive" o "go". Verbos intransitivos son verbos que no llevan un objeto directo.
El complemento agente de la pasiva aparece exclusivamente en oraciones con verbos transitivos, siempre y cuando estos estén en VOZ PASIVA, creada por la perífrasis SER+PARTICIPIO.
Aunque, hay algunos verbos, que aún siendo transitivos, no se pueden usar en voz pasiva. Ejercicio
La acción del verbo se enfoca en el sujeto
Morse invented the telegraph
Voz pasiva lo que interesa es el paciente o resultado de la acción. Objeto agente.
La usamos cuando damos más importancia a la acción y no a quien la realiza.
The telegraph was invented by Morse
Se usa "by" para indicar el sujeto que recibe los efectos de la acción
Usamos "by", cuando el agente es evidente, es relevante
No se usa" by" cuando el agente no es importante, lo desconocemos o no lo sabemos con certeza
No podemos usar la voz pasiva con verbos intransitivos como "die", "arrive" o "go". Verbos intransitivos son verbos que no llevan un objeto directo.
El complemento agente de la pasiva aparece exclusivamente en oraciones con verbos transitivos, siempre y cuando estos estén en VOZ PASIVA, creada por la perífrasis SER+PARTICIPIO.
Aunque, hay algunos verbos, que aún siendo transitivos, no se pueden usar en voz pasiva. Ejercicio
But sometimes we need the passive voice.
1. Use the passive when you want to talk about
saying who or what does I did the action.
2. If you also want to mention the person or
thing that did the action (the agent), use by,
e.g. Prison sentences are decided by judges.
However, in the majority of passive sentences
the agent is not mentioned.
Conjugation for the Passive Voice
infinitive | to be washed | |
simple | present | It is washed. |
past | It was washed. | |
future | It will be washed. | |
conditional | It would be washed. | |
continuous | present | It is being washed. |
past | It was being washed. | |
future | It will be being washed. | |
conditional | It would be being washed. | |
perfect simple | present | It has been washed. |
past | It had been washed. | |
future | It will have been washed. | |
conditional | It would have been washed. | |
perfect continuous | present | It has been being washed. |
past | It had been being washed. | |
future | It will have been being washed. | |
conditional | It would have been being washed. |
PASSIVE VOICE
| |
Simple Present
|
Simple Past
|
Subject + To be + Participle
He repaires the car
The car is repaired
|
Subject + was/were + Participle
The painted the door
The door was painted
|
Present Continuos
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Past Continuos
|
Is/ are being
The trial is being held at the moment.
|
Was/were being
The cinema was being rebuilt when it was set on fire.
|
Present Perfect
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Future
|
Subject + has/have + Participle
They have phones her
She has been phoned
He has done all the reports
All the reports have been done
|
Subject +will/must/can/should/be +Participle
The waiter will serve dinner
The dinner will be served by the waiter
by + sujeto
|
Passive Spanish explanations
Passive voice exercises and structures
La voz pasiva
Grammar Passive
OTHER PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice exercises and structures
La voz pasiva
Grammar Passive
OTHER PASSIVE VOICE
infinitive with to People used to be imprisoned for stealing bread.
infinitive without to You can be fined for parking on a yellow line.
Gerund He paid a fine to avoid being sent to jail
it is said that ... , he is thought to ..., Is believed..., is expected... ) etc.
ACTIVE
|
PASSIVE
|
1 They say that the company may close. People think that prices will go up.
2 People say the man is in his 40s.
The police believe he has left the country. CAREFUL: in passive is HAVE LEFT |
It is said, believed... + that + clause
It is said that the company may close. It is thought that prices will go up. IS SAID, IS BELIEVED + TO+ INF The man is said to be in his 40s. TO+ HAVE+PARTICIPLE He is believed to have left the country
Not HAS LEFT
|
2. You can use He, The man, etc. (i.e. the subject of the clause) + is said, believed, etc.
+ to + infinitive (e.g. to be) or perfect infinitive (e.g. to have been).
Referencia presente o futura: infinitivo
Si el verbo de la oración activa hace referencia al presente o al futuro, utilizaremos el infinitivo simple.
The verb in the active sentence: present or future, use TO+ INFINITIVE
ACTIVE: People believe that Mr. Smith owns a lot of land in the south.
PASSIVE: Mr. Smith is believed to own a lot of land in the south.
PASSIVE: Mr. Smith is believed to own a lot of land in the south.
Si el verbo de la oración activa hace referencia al pasado, independientemente de que el tiempo verbal sea "simple past", "present perfect" o "past perfect", utilizaremos el infinitivo perfecto.
The verb in the active sentence: past simple, present perfect or past perfect, use TO+ HAVE +PARTICIPLE
ACTIVE: They thought that the prisoners had escaped
PASSIVE: The prisoners were thought to have escaped
Nota: si cualquiera de los tiempos anteriores apareciese en forma continua, nos quedarían las otras dos opciones.
Activa: The bank manager say that Mr.Smith is having finantial difficulties.
Pasiva: Mr. Smith is said to be having finantial difficulties (Se dice que el Sr. Smith está teniendo - ahora, en estos momentos- dificultades económicas).
Activa: Their parents thought that they were studying English instead of French
Pasiva: They were thought to have been studying English instead of French (se pensaba que ellos habian estado estudiando inglés en vez de francés)
- Exercises: Voz Pasiva Impersonal III – (Impersonal Passive Voice)
- Exercises: Voz Pasiva Impersonal V – (Impersonal Passive Voice)
- Passive Voice with two Objects – Voz Pasiva con dos objetos
- Passive Voice – Voz Pasiva
- Ejercicios: Active Voice to Passive Voice (Voz Activa a Voz Pasiva)
- Ejercicios: Passive Voice II (Voz Pasiva)
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