CONDITIONALS. TYPE I, II and III. EXERCIXES AND EXPLANATIONS

CONDITIONALS

ZERO CONDITIONAL. La condición ES UNA REALIDAD. 
VERDADES UNIVERSALES.
HECHOS CIERTOS
CAUSAS-EFECTOS LÓGICOS

Cuando el "if" va al principio de la oración, hay que  separar con una coma ambas oraciones.
Present perfect and continuos forms can be used.

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT	SIMPLE PRESENT
If it rains,	you get wet
It smells	if you heat ice

FIRST CONDITIONAL. Hay muchas posibilidades de que se cumpla la condición, pero no es 100% seguro y se refiere al FUTURO. REAL

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT,	SIMPLE FUTURE (WILL+INFINITIVE VERB)
She’ll (she will) buy a house,	if she wins the lotery
If the dog is ill,	we will take him to the vet
If he does not arrive soon,	I will phone his parents
If it doesn’t rain this winter,	there won’t (will not) be enough water
You will be able  to download music,	if you install this program

ATENCIÓN:  NO  SE DEBE UTILIZAR “WILL + CAN”.

Se utiliza “will be able to” en oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas.

Se utiliza “won’t be able to” en oraciones negativas.

Cuando empezamos la frase con “will”  o “won’t” no se pone una coma

Se pueden usar verbos modales como must, can, should......

If we are lucky, there may be a good film on TV tonight
You can come with me if you want

También  se usa as soon as (tan pronto como), until (hasta), before, after, unless (if not, negativo de IF, significa, al menos que, si no), a parte de IF/ WHETHER (Si).

Whether indica que hay varias opciones o alternativas y normalmente requiere de "or"" "or not. Se usa con frecuencia para "yes"/no opciones.

Tell Rachel whether you want chicken or beef for dinner.  Paul didn’t know whether Susan would arrive on Monday.
Paul didn’t know if Susan would arrive on Monday. 

I won't send you a postcard unless I have your address.

As soon as I arrive home, I'll phone you

“Whether” shows choices or alternatives and generally requires an “or.” “Or not” is often used for yes/no choices. “Whether” by itself can hint at both positive and negative possibilities.

Whether or not you are going to the party, please call.
Let us know whether the school is open.

WILL + SIMPLE PRESENT	IF+SIMPLE PRESENT
Unless he practises every day,	he won’t pass his driving test
What will happen	if they copy in the exam?
How much money Karen spend	if she go shopping now?
If  I do not have your address,	I won't send you a postcard

SENCOND CONDITIONAL.  La condición es improbable de que se cumpla en el presente, es algo imaginario, algo irreal ahora, aunque hay alguna posibilidad de que se cumpla en un futuro.
HABLAMOS DE HIPÓTESIS. UNREAL
Past continuos form can be used.

IF + SIMPLE PAST,	PRESENTE CONDITIONAL (WOULD+INFINITIVE VERB)
If she won the lotery,	she would buy a house
If the dog wasn’t ill,	we wouldn’t take him to the vet
If I won some money,	I wouldn’t buy a car
If I felt tired this evening,	I wouldn’t go out

ATENCIÓN:  NO  SE DEBE UTILIZAR “WOULD + CAN”.

Se utiliza “would be able to” en oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas.

Se utiliza “wouldn’t be able to” en oraciones negativas.

WOULD+INFINITIVE VERB	IF + SIMPLE PAST
I would take an aspirin,	if I had a headache
I wouldn’t buy a car,	if I won some money
He wouldn’t walk to school,	if he didn’t have a motorbike
If you lived in Germany,	You would speak German,

        

La palabra ”if” hace referencia a una acción que nunca sucedió. Whether (enfatizar) significa lo mismo que IF.

La palabra ”would” y “wouldn’t” indican las consecuencias que habría tenido la acción.

THIRD CONDITIONAL. 100% imposible. Nunca se cumple la condición. UNREAL

IF + PAST PERFECT,	WOULD HAVE+PAST PARTICIPE)
If it had rained,	you would have got wet
you would have seen my brother	if you had come

CONDITIONAL EXERCISES HERE       CONDITIONAL SENTENCES EXERCISE

SECOND AND THIRD CONDITIONAL MULTIPLE CHOICE

Zero Conditional TestZero Conditional Test 2  1st Conditional Test1st Conditional Test 2  2nd Conditional Test2nd Conditional Test 2  3rd Conditional Test
3rd Conditional Test 2

CONDITIONAL FINAL TEST

 Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

Example: If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I

• If you (wash) the dishes, I (cook) dinner tonight.
• If my dad (have) time next week, we (paint) my room.
• You (learn) a lot about American history if you (visit) the exhibition.
• If the weather (be / not) too bad tomorrow, we (play) golf.
• We (get / not) there on time if we (catch / not) the bus.

Conditional Sentence Type II

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative.

See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

Were instead of Was

In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.

Example: If I were you, I would not do this.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.

Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.

I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in the near future.

Exercises

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

• If I (have) more time, I (learn) to play the guitar.
• If she (study) harder, she (get) better marks.
• If we (know) more about history, we (be / not) afraid of the test.
• I (go) jogging with Tom and Sue if they (be) here this week.
• It (surprise) me if she (help / not) you.

Conditional Sentence Type I or II

Complete the sentences with the correct form (Type I or II).

• If you need the car in the afternoon, I gowill gowould gowent shopping in the morning.
• If I wearwill wearwould wearwore a hat, I would look like an old woman.
• I'll buy this bag if they havewill havewould havehad it in blue.
• She wouldn't pay cash if she havewill havewould havehad a credit card.
• If I didn't have you, I do not knowwill not knowwould not knowdid not know what to do.

1. If you do your homework now, we gowill gowould gowent to the cinema in the evening.
2. If we orderwill orderwould orderordered the book now, we will have it tomorrow.
3. If I had more money, I buywill buywould buybought a bigger car.
4. If I meetwill meetwould meetmet my favourite movie star, I would ask him for an autograph.
5. I callwill callwould callcalled you if I need your help.
6. I would go swimming if the weather iswill bewould bewere better.
7. If he doesn't havewon't havewouldn't havedidn't have time tomorrow, we will meet the day after.
8. If I were you, I don't knowwon't knowwouldn't knowdidn't know what to do.
9. If we don't order the tickets soon, there aren'twon't bewouldn't beweren't any tickets left.
10. She does not saywill not saywould not saydid not say that if she were your friend.

IF Clause Type III

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation

The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.

Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.

Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.

Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

 EXERCISE TYPE III

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

1. If the midfielders would have passedhad passed the ball more exactly, our team would have hadhad had more chances to attack.
2. If the forwards would have runhad run faster, they would have scoredhad scored more goals.
3. Their motivation would have improvedhad improved if they would have kickedhad kicked a goal during the first half.
4. The fullbacks would have preventedhad prevented one or the other goal if they would have markedhad marked their opponents.
5. If the goalie would have jumpedhad jumped up, he would have caughthad caught the ball.
6. If the referee would have seenhad seen the foul, he would have awardedhad awarded a penalty kick to our team.
7. Our team would have beenhad been in better form if they would have trainedhad trained harder the weeks before.
8. The game would have becomehad become better if the trainer would have senthad sent a substitute in during the second half.
9. If it would have beenhad been a home game, our team would have wonhad won the match.
10. If our team would have wonhad won the match, they would have movedhad moved up in the league.

TYPE I,II or III

Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III.

1. If I had time, I gogoeswill gowenthad gonewould gowould have gone shopping with you.
2. If you speakspeakswill speakspokehad spokenwould speakwould have spoken English, you will get along with them perfectly.
3. If they had gone for a walk, they turnturnswill turnturnedhad turnedwould turnwould have turned the lights off.
4. If she comecomeswill comecamehad comewould comewould have come to see us, we will go to the zoo.
5. I would have told you, if I seeseeswill seesawhad seenwould seewould have seen him.
6. Would you mind if I openopenswill openopenedhad openedwould openwould have opened the window?
7. If they inviteinviteswill inviteinvitedhad invitedwould invitewould have invited me, I wouldn't have said no.
8. My friend meetmeetswill meetmethad metwould meetwould have met me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.
9. If I don't dodoesn't dowon't dodidn't dohadn't donewould dowould have done it, nobody would do it.
10. If my father don't pickdoesn't pickwon't pickdidn't pickhadn't pickedwouldn't pickwouldn't have picked me up, I'll take the bus home.

EXERCISES

1. I wish I __________ all that money, or I would have enough left to buy a new car.
a) hadn't spent
b) didn't spend
c) wouldn't have spent
d) won't spend

2. If you __________ to follow me, I'll show you to your table.
a) like
b) will like
c) are like
d) would like

3. If it hadn't been for the last question, she __________ a perfect score on the test.
a) will get
b) would get
c) got
d) would have got

4. If only the neighbours __________ their music down!
a) turn
b) will turn
c) would turn
d) were turn

 LOOK FOR THE ANSWERS