ANSWERS. CONDITIONALS

1. I wish I __________ all that money, or I would have enough left to buy a new car.

a) hadn't spent

b) didn't spend

c) wouldn't have spent

d) won't spend

a) Correct! A mixed conditional structure is necessary in this sentence, as

it deals with two different time periods (past, then present).

2. If you __________ to follow me, I'll show you to your table.

a) like

b) will like

c) are like

d)would like
d) Correct! 'If you would like to...' is a special structure, normally used formaking offers or requests.

3. If it hadn't been for the last question, she __________ a perfect score on the test.

a) will get

b) would get

c) got

d) would have got

d) Correct! The second part of this sentence requires a third conditional

structure.

Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I or II.

• If you do your homework now, we will go to the cinema in the evening

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future .

• If we order the book now, we will have it tomorrow.

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future

•  If I had more money, I would buy a bigger car

Conditional Sentence Type II: 'if' clause in Simple Past, main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive).

• If I met my favourite movie star, I would ask him for an autograph.

Conditional Sentence Type II: 'if' clause in Simple Past, main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive)

• I will call you if I need your help

Conditional Sentence Type I: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in 'will' future, 'if' clause in Simple Present .

• I would go swimming if the weather were better.

Conditional Sentence Type II: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive), 'if' clause in Simple Past 

• If he doesn't have time tomorrow, we will meet the day after.

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future

If I were you, I wouldn't know what to do

Conditional Sentence Type II: 'if' clause in Simple Past, main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive).

• If we don't order the tickets soon, there won't be any tickets left

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future .

• She would not say that if she were your friend.
  
   

Conditional Sentence Type II: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive), 'if' clause in Simple Past

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

• If you wash the dishes, I will cook dinner tonight

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future.

• If my dad has time next week, we will paint my room

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future
Im Simple Present verwenden wir in der 3. Person Einzahl 'has'..

• You will learn a lot about American history if you visit the exhibition.

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.

•  If the weather is not too bad tomorrow, we will play golf.

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future
Ist das Verb eine Form von 'be', brauchst du kein Hilfsverb. Schreibe 'not' einfach hinter die Form von 'be'.

•  We will not get there on time if we do not catch  the bus.

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
For the negative form of simple present, you need the auxiliary verb 'do'. For the negative form of will future, just write 'will not'.

Conditional Sentence Type II

• If I had more time, I would learn to play the guitar

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
irregular verb in simple past (see 2nd column in list of irregular verbs) .

• If she studied harder, she would get better marks.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
'study' ends in consonant (d) + 'y', so before adding 'ed', 'y' becomes 'i'.

•  If we knew more about history, we would not be afraid of the test.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
'Would' is an auxiliary verb, so just add 'not'. (You don't need another auxiliary verb.)
irregular verb in simple past (see 2nd column in list of irregular verbs) 

• I would go jogging with Tom and Sue if they were here this week.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
irregular verb in simple past (see 2nd column in list of irregular verbs)

• It would surprise me if she did not help you.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
For the negative form of simple past, you need the auxiliary verb 'do' in its past form (did). The main verb is then used in its infinite form.

Conditional Sentence Type I or II

• If you need the car in the afternoon, I will goshopping in the morning.

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future 

• If I wore a hat, I would look like an old woman.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
irregular verb in simple past (see 2nd column in list of irregular verbs)

•  I'll buy this bag if they have it in blue.

Type I: if clause → simple present, main clause → will future
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.

• She wouldn't pay cash if she had a credit card.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive
Note: The if clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
irregular verb in simple past (see 2nd column in list of irregular verbs)

• If I didn't have you, I would not know what to do.

Type II: if clause → simple past, main clause → would + infinitive

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

• If the midfielders had passed the ball more exactly, our team would have had more chances to attack

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause..

• If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause..

• Their motivation would have improved if they had kicked a goal during the first half.

Note: the 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.
Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.

• The fullbacks would have prevented one or the other goal if they had marked their opponents.

Note: the 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.
Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.

1. If the goalie had jumped up, he would have caught the ball.

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.

1.  If the referee had seen the foul, he would have awarded a penalty kick to our team.

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.

1. Our team would have been in better form if they had trained harder the weeks before.

Note: the 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.
Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.

• The game would have become better if the trainer had sent a substitute in during the second half.

Note: the 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause.
Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.

1. If it had been a home game, our team would have won the match

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause. .

1. If our team had won the match, they would have moved up in the league

Use Past Perfect in the 'if' clause.
Use Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect) in the main clause. .

Type I, II or III

Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III.

• If I had time, I would go shopping with you.

Conditional Sentence Type II: 'if' clause in Simple Past, main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive)

•  If you speak English, you will get along with them perfectly.

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future

•  If they had gone for a walk, they would have turned the lights off.

Conditional Sentence Type III: 'if' clause in Past Perfect, main clause in Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect)

•  If she comes to see us, we will go to the zoo.

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future

• I would have told you, if I had seen him.

Conditional Sentence Type III: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect), 'if' clause in Past Perfect

• Would you mind if I opened the window?

Conditional Sentence Type II: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive), 'if' clause in Simple Past

•  If they had invited me, I wouldn't have said no.

Conditional Sentence Type III: 'if' clause in Past Perfect, main clause in Conditional II (= would + Present Perfect)

• My friend will meet me at the station if he gets the afternoon off.

Conditional Sentence Type I: Note! The 'if' clause is not at the beginning of the sentence -> main clause in 'will' future, 'if' clause in Simple Present 

• If I didn't do it, nobody would do it.

Conditional Sentence Type II: 'if' clause in Simple Past, main clause in Conditional I (= would + infinitive)

• If my father doesn't pick me up, I'll take the bus home

Conditional Sentence Type I: 'if' clause in Simple Present, main clause in 'will' future .

Exercise on Conditional Sentences with Auxiliaries

Complete the conditional sentences (type I). Remember to use the auxiliary verbs.

• If it doesn't rain, we can go swimming tomorrow.
• If you train hard, you might win first prize.
• If we go to Canada next year, we can improve our English.
• I may go to the disco in the evening if I do the washing-up now.
• If we go on holiday next week, I cannot play tennis with you.

Note: 'cannot' is written as one word

•  If you see Gareth tomorrow, you should tell him that you love him.
• If my parents go shopping in the afternoon, I must look after my little sister.
• He must be a good drummer if he plays in a band.
• If you are listening to the radio after 10 pm, you should turn the volume down.
• If you like that shirt, you can have it.

Conditional Sentences Type I

To illustrate the use of different tenses, similar examples are used in the exercise. Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I according to the information in brackets.

• If it is still raining, stay here for another while.

If the action is going on now (Present Progressive), another action shall take place (Imperative).

• If it has stopped raining, we will go

If the action is completed (Present Perfect), another action will take place (will-Future). .

• If it starts raining, we always close the windows.

Everytime the action takes place (Simple Present), the other action takes place as well (Simple Present).

•  If it should rain, please close the windows.

In the not very likely case (auxiliary) that the action should take place, another action shall take place (Imperative).

•  If it rains, the windows must be closed

If the action takes place (in 'if' clauses, future events are expressed with the Simple Present), something else will be done (passive voice, here used with an auxiliary).

Principio del formulario

Conditional Sentences Type II

Study the following situations. In every sentence, the 'if' clause expresses a general situation in the present (Type II). Decide, however, whether the consequences refer to the present (Conditional I) or past (Conditional II).

1. I am trying to reach Sue on the phone now, but I'm afraid she is not there because …
   If she were at the office, she would answer the phone.
2. A couple of minutes ago, I tried to reach Sue on the phone, but I'm afraid she is not there because …
   If she were at the office, she would have answered the phone.
3. I want to ring a friend now, but I don't know his phone number.
   If I knew his phone number, I would ring him.
4. A week ago, I wanted to ring a friend, but I don't know his phone number.
   If I knew his phone number, I would have rung him.
5. A friend tells me what she is planning to do. I don't think what she is planning is a good idea.
   If I were you, I would not do this.
6. A friend tells me what she did. I don't think what she did was a good idea.
   If I were you, I would not have done this.
7. Somebody tells me that Sarah is on holiday in Italy at the moment. This cannot be true because I'm seeing her in town tonight.
   If Sarah were in Italy, I would not see her in town tonight.
8. Somebody tells me that Sarah is on holiday in Italy at the moment. This cannot be true because I saw her in town last night.
   If Sarah were in Italy, I would not have seen her in town last night.
9. My brother feels like he is getting the flu. I tell him …
   You would not get the flu if you ate more fruit.
10. A few weeks ago, my brother had the flu. I tell him …
    You would not have got the flu if you ate more fruit.

Conditional Sentences Type III

Study the following situations. In every sentence, the 'if' clause expresses a situation in the past (Type III). Decide, however, whether the consequences refer to the present (Conditional I) or past (Conditional II).

1. It didn't rain yesterday. So I had to water the plants yesterday.
   If it had rained yesterday, I would not have watered the plants.
2. It didn't rain yesterday. So I am watering the plants now.
   If it had rained yesterday, I would not water the plants now.
3. I went to bed late last night. So I am still tired now.
   If I had gone to bed earlier yesterday, I would not feel so tired now.
4. I went to bed late last Tuesday. So I was very tired the following day.
   If I had gone to bed earlier that Tuesday, I would not have felt that tired the following day.
5. After a night out, I want to drive home now. I haven't drunk any alcohol.
   If I had drunk alcohol, I would not drive.
6. After a night out last weekend, I drove home. I hadn't drunk any alcohol.
   If I had drunk alcohol, I would not have driven.
7. We won the match last week. So when we came home, we looked really happy.
   We would not have looked that happy if we had not won the match.
8. We've just won a match. So we look really happy now.
   We would not look that happy if we had not won the match.
9. My daughter is blamed for having done something. She tells me now that she didn't do it. I believe her.
   She would tell me if she had done it.
10. Last year, my daughter was blamed for having done something. She told me that she hadn't done it. I believed her.
    She would have told me if she had done it.