jueves, 13 de enero de 2011

PRESENT PERFECT. EXERCISE

PRESENT PERFECT

1.       Se usa para señalar las repercusiones que tiene en el presente algo que sucedió en el pasado.

I’m afraid I’ve forgotten my book./ Lo siento, pero se me ha olvidado mi libro
I’ ve worked really hard this year./He trabajado muy duro este año.(no ha terminado).

2.      Para hablar de una acción que empezó en el pasado y no ha terminado aún.

He has worked here since 1987./ El ha trabajado aquí desde 1987(aún trabaja)
I lost my keys yesterday./Ayer perdí mis llaves (aún no las he encontrado)                                               
We have known Rich for years./

3.     Referirse a un momento futuro en la oración subordinada de tiempo.

            Tell me when you have finished./ Avísame, cuando termines
 I’ll write to you as soon as I have heard from Jenny./Te escribiré tan pronto sepa algo de Jenny.

4.      Relatar experiencias que han sucedido o no en el pasado.

Has he been to Philadelphia?./
          Have you ever visited America?/¿Has visitando alguna vez América?
            I have never visited America./ Yo no he estado en América
           
Palabras identificativas:

  • Since (desde), yet (todavía, aún), for (durante.), just (acabar de), already (ya), has/have gone, has/have been, so far (hasta ahora), have you ever..?..                  
Estructura afirmativa:

                                SUJETO + HAS/HAVE + VERBO PARTICIPIO (3ª col o -ed)

                                SUJETO + HAS/HAVE ALREADY + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)

                                SUJETO + HAS/HAVE JUST + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)
SUJETO+ STILL+ HAVE/HAS+PARTICIPIO

CUIDADO
SUJETO+HAVE/HAS+STILL+GOT. No es presente perfecto. Es HAVE GOT presente simple


Estructura negativa:   
                                 SUJETO + HASN’T/HAVEN’T + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)?

                                 SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + NEVER + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)

                               SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + NOT +  VERBO (3ª col o -ed) + YET

       SUJETO + STILL+ HAVE/HAS + NOT + VERBO (3ª col o -ed) 

                                                          
Estructura interrogativa:  

                                  HAS/HAVE + SUJETO + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)?

                                  HAVE/HAS +  SUJETO +  EVER + VERBO (3ª col o -ed)?
                                                   
                                  HAVE/HAS +  SUJETO +  VERBO (3ª col o -ed) + YET?

 STILL: para decir que una acción o situación sigue ocurriendo. Todavía
                                 
I still haven‘t visited London. Mirar como va delante de auxiliar en presente perfecto
            
Cuidado,  con HAVE GOT, no es presente perfecto. 
Es presente simple de HAVE/HAS GOT, indica posesión, en este caso:
I have still got a lot of English books. 

 Con el verbo TO BE               

I am still making it. Can‘t you see?
                                                
HAVE YOU EVER…?-   relatar experiencias que sucedieron o no en el pasado.
En oraciones interrogativas.
Va entre el auxiliar has/have y el participio.
                                Have you ever visited America?/¿ has visitado alguna vez ..?

NEVER – se utiliza para expresar que el sujeto no ha realizado la acción.
              I have never visited America./ Yo no he visitado America.
              I haven’t never visited America

YET– indica que algo no ha sucedido o que no lo sabemos.
En oraciones negativas e interrogativas, va al final.

Have they arrived yet?/ ¿Ellos no han llegado aún?
They haven’t arrived yet./ Ellos todavía no han llegado

ALREADY -  indica que una acción ha terminado antes de lo esperado
En oraciones afirmativas y va entre el auxiliar has/have y el participio
                   Yes, I have already done my homework/ Ya he terminado mis deberes

JUST-       Refuerza que una acción acaba de terminar.
                   Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas
                   Va entre el auxiliar has/have y el participio pasado.
                   I’ ve just finished my homework/ Acabo de terminar mis deberes

SINCE-    Señala el momento en que empezó la acción
                   Indica que una acción dura desde un tiempo

Particulas identificativas: september, Monday, 5th May, 1982,
6 o’clock, since Christmas, I was 7 years old, last moths

We have been here since half an hour
Peter hasn’t played tennis since last Tuesday
I haven’t visited my family sine 8th May
I have had my motorbike since 1995

                            Transformar una oración en pasado en presente perfecto
                                        Past                                    present perfect
                                                                                  
                         I bought my motorbike in 1995       I have had my motorbike since 1995
                    We last did an exam in July            We haven’t done an exam since July
                         He last saw his friend on Monday   He hasn’t been his friend since Monday
                         Se utiliza: yesterday, last week..

FOR-         describe la duración de una acción que se inició en el pasado y aún no ha terminado, a la que le suele seguir una referencia a un periodo de tiempo.

Particulas identificativas: for 5 minutes, for a week, for a long time, for ages, forever, for 2 moths, for 6 years, a fortnight, for a while, for 6 weeks

                    Susan has been able to swin for 7 years
                    I have had my car for 8 moths
                    She hasn’t written a letter for 4 week.

                            Transformar una oración en pasado en presente perfecto
                                        Past                                    present perfect
                                                                                  
                         I bought my car 8 years ago                  I have had my car for 8 years
                    Susan last wrote a letter 2 weeks ago   Susan hasn’t written a letter for 2 weeks            
                    Se utiliza: ago

 PARA FOR Y SINCE
EJERCICIO 1         EJERCICIO 2           EJERCICIO 3        EJERCICIO 4

PARA YET, JUST, ALREADY, EVER, NEVER.....
EJERCICIO 1         EJERCICIO 2           EJERCICIO 3      EJERCICIO 4      EJERCICIO 5

GONE – Te has ido y todavía no has vuelto

SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + GONE

Susan has gone to Australia./ Susan se fué a Australia (no ha vuelto)
Is Sarah at home.? No, she’s gone to work

BEEN- Te has ido y has vuelto

SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + BEEN

She has been to the bank./ Ella ha estado en el banco (a vuelto)
Jim is brown. He has been to the beach/Jim está moreno. El ha estado en la playa

SO FAR – De una serie de cosas, solo he hecho algunas, pero no todas.
Va al final de la oración.
The secretary has to type 20 letter today/ She has typed 12 letter so far
De 20 cartas, solo ha escrito 12

                                               EJEMPLOS

She has just gone out
Carol has worked in an office for 6 moths
I still haven’t seen the film
He has already left
Have yoy given a present yet?
Simon has been able to speak English since he was 5 years old

EXERCISE 1   EXERCISE 2   EXERCISE 3   EXERCISE 4    EXERCISE 5  EXERCISE 6

EXERCISE 7  EXERCISE 8    EXECISE 9   EXERCISE 10  EXERISE 11

Exercise on Present Perfect Simple 

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).
  1. I (not / work) today.
  2. We (buy) a new lamp.
  3. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.
  4. Where (be / you) ?
  5. He (write) five letters.
  6. She (not / see) him for a long time.
  7. (be / you) at school?
  8. School (not / start) yet.
  9. (speak / he) to his boss?
  10. No, he (have / not) the time yet
PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST.

Complete los recuadros usando el verbo entre paréntesis en Present Perfect o Simple Past.
1. Jane (stay) at home yesterday.
2. Your letter (arrive) two days ago.
3. I (live) here for ten years.
4. Last week we (go) to the cinema.
5. The game (start) . They are playing now.
7. I (lose) my watch, I can't find it.
8. Last month Sarah (travel) to Italy.
9. I (work) all day and now I'm tired.
10. We (buy) a new house last week.

past simple, past simple, present perfect, past simple, present perfect, present perfect, past simple, present perfect, past simple
Elije la opción más adecuada para responder o terminar cada oración.


Did you study yesterday?
Yes, I have.
Yes, I did.
Have you ever been to London?
Yes, I was.
Yes, I have.
You have just made a cake,
haven't you?
didn't you?
What did you do last week?
I went to the cinema.
I have been to the cinema.
Did you watch TV last night?
Yes, I have.
Yes, I did.
Have you seen this programme before?
Yes, I did.
Yes, I have.
Has the plane landed?
Yes, it landed at 10.25.
Yes, it has landed at 10.25.
Has Richard washed his car?
No, he hasn't washed it for months.
No, he washed it yesterday.

past simple, p. perfecto, p.perfecto, past simple, past simple, p.perfect,p. perfect, p.perfect
INTERACTIVE PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS. explanations and exercises

INTERMEDIO 1-2. PRESENTE P. SIMPLE AND CONTINUOS

FOR OR SINCE EXERCISES

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